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Table showing the different datasets and year they are for.
Dataset Name Year Description
Emergency Department Syndromic Surveillance 2021 Syndromic surveillance is a rapid emergency department (ED) surveillance system that is used to detect outbreaks and other public health events by categorizing chief complaints and discharge diagnoses into syndromes and monitoring for abnormalities. Most ED facilities in Michigan submit data in real time (within a few hours) to less than 24 hours after the visit, with data such as the discharge diagnoses continually being updated as they become available. The National Syndromic Surveillance Program (NSSP) Electronic Surveillance System for the Early Notification of Community-Based Epidemics (ESSENCE) platform was used to identify emergency department visits related to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). About 97% of ED facilities in Michigan send data to the syndromic surveillance system, while approximately 74% of EDs in Michigan send the data required to identify ACEs. Data were counted by visits not patients, therefore individual patients may be counted multiple times if they visited the ED more than once. Data from the syndromic surveillance system related to suspected child abuse and neglect (CAN), youth mental health conditions, youth suspected suicide attempt, and youth substance use problems were identified by chief complaint text as well diagnosis codes documented by medical staff. The queries for each of the indicators were created by the NSSP, CDC’s Division of Violence Prevention, and local and state health departments (Reference: CDC, NSSP). Diagnosis codes from the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth and Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM, ICD-10-CM) and Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine (SNOMED) were utilized. Additional details for each indicator are included on the indicator’s data page. Visits were limited to ED facilities in Michigan with children less than 18 years of age (child abuse and neglect) and 5-17 years for the other three youth indicators, that had visits with a known county of residence in Michigan. To help account for differences in data quality on trends over time, only visits from facilities that consistently sent average weekly informative discharge diagnoses with greater than or equal to 75% of the cases and less than or equal to 35% weekly standard deviation were included. Visit counts that were smaller than 10 were suppressed and not shown. When monthly visits counts were less than 10, the time length of quarters (3 months) was used instead. Syndromic surveillance data cannot be used to determine the precise estimates of ACEs due to dataset limitations. Emergency department (ED) coverage across the state varies and not all EDs across the state that participate include the enhanced feed necessary to identify ACEs. About 74% of EDs in Michigan sent data required to identify ACEs with variation depending on the Public Health Preparedness Region (Region 1: 58%, Region 2N: 76%, Region 2S: 96%, Region 3: 65%, Region 5: 94%, Region 6: 91%, Region 7: 18%, Region 8: 56%). Coverage in Region 7 was particularly low due to EDs in the area not being included during the three years of analyses, therefore data was not available. Region 1 and Region 8 also had lower ED coverage compared to the rest of the state. It is important to note that healthcare seeking behavior changed during the pandemic impacted ED visits in Michigan. Some of these included increased use of telemedicine and recommendations to limit ED visits to severe illness, as well as changes in ED triage practices and alternative COVID-19 testing sites. Important limitations related to utilizing data from emergency room medical records should also be noted. Variation in provider training and awareness of how to identify child abuse and neglect may lead to under or overestimates of the actual child abuse and neglect cases seen in the emergency room. Additionally, it is important to note that implicit biases based on race and ethnicity, socioeconomic status and other demographic factors and characteristics may lead to incorrect identification or missed identification of some child abuse and neglect cases as well. Lastly, over time, there may be changes in the way that different EDs across the state report data which can affect how ACEs are measured. Reference: CDC. National Syndromic Surveillance Program (NSSP). Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC; 2022. https://www.cdc.gov/nssp/index.html
YRBS 2021 The Michigan Youth Risk Survey (MiYRBS) is a state-level paper-and-pencil questionnaire administered to Michigan high school students attending public high schools in grades 9 through 12. This survey is conducted through a collaborative effort between the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Michigan Department of Education (MDE). These surveys are conducted every other year (usually odd years) and act as the only source of state-specific, population-based estimates among Michigan youth that provide the prevalence of health-related behaviors that contribute to the leading causes of death and disability among youth and adults. The sample of Michigan public schools included within the MiYRBS is selected using a two-stage, cluster sample design. Schools are selected with a probability proportionate to their school enrollment size in the first sampling stage, while in the second stage, classes are randomly selected based on a selection of a required class (e.g. English class). All students in the selected class are eligible to participate in the survey. An overall response rate must be equal or greater than 60% for the MiYRBS data to be weighted. A weighting methodology is used to adjust for student nonresponse and the distribution of students by grade, sex, and race/ethnicity in each location. Responses are compiled and provided to the CDC to conduct the weighting. (Reference: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/rr/rr6201.pdf) Weighted prevalence estimates were calculated using SAS (version 9.4), a statistical computing program designed for analyzing data from multistage sample surveys. A Rao-Scott Chi-Square Test was performed to determine whether two estimates were different at the p < 0.05 level. Prevalence estimates were suppressed when the unweighted denominator was less than 30. Data were flagged with “interpret with caution” when the 1) absolute confidence interval (CI) was greater than 20%, 2) relative CI was greater than 120%, or 3) the CI was inestimable due to no sample variance (Reference: https://www.childhealthdata.org/docs/default-source/drc/2016-nsch_data-supression-and-display_revised_102317.pdf). The chi-square tests were not performed when one of the estimates was equal to 0% or 100% or when one of the unweighted numerators was less than five. The number of participants in the 2021 YRBS was 3,751. Michigan YRBS data are available and may be requested at: https://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/data/yrbs/contact.htm.
MiPHY 2020 The Michigan Profile for Healthy Youth (MiPHY) is an online questionnaire of 7th, 9th, and 11th grade Michigan students. The survey is conducted by the Michigan Department of Education (MDE). The survey is conducted opposite years as the MiYRBS (usually even years) as the MiYRBS and allows for county and individual school district (ISD) level data. Results for the Dashboard are limited to only respondents from high school students. The MiPHY acts as a complementary source of local estimates among Michigan youth that provide the prevalence of health-related behaviors that contribute to the leading causes of death and disability among youth and adults. The surveys are self-administered in the high school classrooms and students record their responses on scannable questionnaires. Participation in the MiPHY is voluntary and schools and districts register to participate in the survey. Participating schools use a passive consent form, with families only returning the parent notification form if they do want their child to participate. Surveys are completed privately by students via an online platform either in the classroom or a computer lab, depending on the devices access to the Michigan School Health Survey System. Responses are compiled and analyzed by the Michigan School Health Survey System although the data are not weighted. Survey results are aggregated by county, district, and school level (middle school or high school). At least two districts must participate for county level results to be released. Since participation in MiPHY is voluntary, there are important limitations to consider when interpreting the results. The results for a county may not be representative of all high school students in the geographical area. Estimates were calculated using SAS (version 9.4; SAS Institute) and a Pearson Chi-Square Test was performed to determine whether two estimates were different at the p < 0.05 level. When the unweighted numerator was less than five, the Fisher’s Exact Test was used instead. Prevalence estimates were suppressed when the unweighted denominator was less than 10. Differences by Arab ethnicity were measured by examining Arab respondents versus all non-Arab respondents. MiPHY county-level results are available at: https://mdoe.state.mi.us/schoolhealthsurveys/ExternalReports/CountyReportGeneration.aspx
YRBS 2017 The Michigan Youth Risk Survey (MiYRBS) is a state-level paper-and-pencil questionnaire administered to Michigan high school students attending public high schools in grades 9 through 12. This survey is conducted through a collaborative effort between the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Michigan Department of Education (MDE). These surveys are conducted every other year (usually odd years) and act as the only source of state-specific, population-based estimates among Michigan youth that provide the prevalence of health-related behaviors that contribute to the leading causes of death and disability among youth and adults. The sample of Michigan public schools included within the MiYRBS is selected using a two-stage, cluster sample design. Schools are selected with a probability proportionate to their school enrollment size in the first sampling stage, while in the second stage, classes are randomly selected based on a selection of a required class (e.g. English class). All students in the selected class are eligible to participate in the survey. An overall response rate must be equal or greater than 60% for the MiYRBS data to be weighted. A weighting methodology is used to adjust for student nonresponse and the distribution of students by grade, sex, and race/ethnicity in each location. Responses are compiled and provided to the CDC to conduct the weighting. (Reference: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/rr/rr6201.pdf) Weighted prevalence estimates were calculated using SAS (version 9.4; SAS Institute), a statistical computing program designed for analyzing data from multistage sample surveys. A Rao-Scott Chi-Square Test was performed to determine whether two estimates were different at the p < 0.05 level. Prevalence estimates were suppressed when the unweighted denominator was less than 30. Data were flagged with “interpret with caution” when the 1) absolute confidence interval (CI) was greater than 20%, 2) relative CI was greater than 120%, or 3) the CI was inestimable due to no sample variance (Reference: https://www.childhealthdata.org/docs/default-source/drc/2016-nsch_data-supression-and-display_revised_102317.pdf). The chi-square tests were not performed when one of the estimates was equal to 0% or 100% or when one of the unweighted numerators was less than five. The number of participants in the 2017 YRBS was 1,626. Michigan YRBS data are available and may be requested at: https://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/data/yrbs/contact.htm.
YRBS 2019 The Michigan Youth Risk Survey (MiYRBS) is a state-level paper-and-pencil questionnaire administered to Michigan high school students attending public high schools in grades 9 through 12. This survey is conducted through a collaborative effort between the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Michigan Department of Education (MDE). These surveys are conducted every other year (usually odd years) and act as the only source of state-specific, population-based estimates among Michigan youth that provide the prevalence of health-related behaviors that contribute to the leading causes of death and disability among youth and adults. The sample of Michigan public schools included within the MiYRBS is selected using a two-stage, cluster sample design. Schools are selected with a probability proportionate to their school enrollment size in the first sampling stage, while in the second stage, classes are randomly selected based on a selection of a required class (e.g. English class). All students in the selected class are eligible to participate in the survey. An overall response rate must be equal or greater than 60% for the MiYRBS data to be weighted. A weighting methodology is used to adjust for student nonresponse and the distribution of students by grade, sex, and race/ethnicity in each location. Responses are compiled and provided to the CDC to conduct the weighting. (Reference: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/rr/rr6201.pdf) Weighted prevalence estimates were calculated using SAS (version 9.4; SAS Institute), a statistical computing program designed for analyzing data from multistage sample surveys. A Rao-Scott Chi-Square Test was performed to determine whether two estimates were different at the p < 0.05 level. Prevalence estimates were suppressed when the unweighted denominator was less than 30. Data were flagged with “interpret with caution” when the 1) absolute confidence interval (CI) was greater than 20%, 2) relative CI was greater than 120%, or 3) the CI was inestimable due to no sample variance (Reference: https://www.childhealthdata.org/docs/default-source/drc/2016-nsch_data-supression-and-display_revised_102317.pdf). The chi-square tests were not performed when one of the estimates was equal to 0% or 100% or when one of the unweighted numerators was less than five. The number of participants in the 2019 YRBS was 4,565. Michigan YRBS data are available and may be requested at: https://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/data/yrbs/contact.htm.
MiPHY 2022 The Michigan Profile for Healthy Youth (MiPHY) is an online questionnaire of 7th, 9th, and 11th grade Michigan students. The survey is conducted by the Michigan Department of Education (MDE). The survey is conducted opposite years as the MiYRBS (usually even years) as the MiYRBS and allows for county and individual school district (ISD) level data. Results for the Dashboard are limited to only respondents from high school students. The MiPHY acts as a complementary source of local estimates among Michigan youth that provide the prevalence of health-related behaviors that contribute to the leading causes of death and disability among youth and adults. The surveys are self-administered in the high school classrooms and students record their responses on scannable questionnaires. Participation in the MiPHY is voluntary and schools and districts register to participate in the survey. Participating schools use a passive consent form, with families only returning the parent notification form if they do want their child to participate. Surveys are completed privately by students via an online platform either in the classroom or a computer lab, depending on the devices access to the Michigan School Health Survey System. Responses are compiled and analyzed by the Michigan School Health Survey System although the data are not weighted. Survey results are aggregated by county, district, and school level (middle school or high school). At least two districts must participate for county level results to be released. Since participation in MiPHY is voluntary, there are important limitations to consider when interpreting the results. The results for a county may not be representative of all high school students in the geographical area. Estimates were calculated using SAS (version 9.4; SAS Institute), and a Pearson Chi-Square Test was performed to determine whether two estimates were different at the p < 0.05 level. When the unweighted numerator was less than five, the Fisher’s Exact Test was used instead. Prevalence estimates were suppressed when the unweighted denominator was less than 10. Differences by Arab ethnicity were measured by examining Arab respondents versus all non-Arab respondents. MiPHY county-level results are available at: https://mdoe.state.mi.us/schoolhealthsurveys/ExternalReports/CountyReportGeneration.aspx